Hernia Surgery & Treatment

Hernias, are a common health concern in Singapore, affecting different segments of the population. Inguinal hernias, the most prevalent type, are estimated to affect 1 in 4 men over their lifetime. While some hernias may remain small and cause minimal discomfort, others can grow larger over time, leading to pain and serious complications such as obstruction or strangulation. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to preventing complications.

How Are Hernias Diagnosed?

Hernias are diagnosed through a combination of diagnostic procedures, including:

• Medical History – This could include questions about the patient’s symptoms, past medical conditions, lifestyle, and any relevant factors that might contribute to the development of a hernia.
• Physical Examination – The patient will be asked to cough while the doctor examines the affected area. This helps the doctor to gather information about the size, location, and characteristics of the hernia.
• Imaging Tests – If symptoms are suggestive of a possible hernia but the bulge is small and cannot be confirmed by a physical examination, imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan may be recommended. These tests provide detailed visual information on the presence, type, and size of the hernia.
• Upper Endoscopy – A flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to visualise internal structures in real-time, helping doctors identify hernia indicators. It is recommended for patients when a hernia is suspected based on symptoms or medical history.

Why Is Hernia Treatment Necessary?

Most types of hernias do not resolve on their own as it is a structural defect. When left untreated, hernias can grow bigger and develop serious complications, where the organ can get trapped in the cavity (obstruction) or have its blood supply cut off (strangulation).

Hernia Treatment Singapore

Non-surgical Treatment Options

Although surgery is the definitive hernia treatment, non-surgical options can manage symptoms and slow progression in select cases, particularly for small, minimally symptomatic hernias, or when surgery is delayed.

• Lifestyle Adjustments — This approach involves vigilant monitoring of the hernia for changes in size or symptoms. Simultaneously, patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting, maintain a healthy weight, and adopt proper posture to minimise strain.
• Supportive Devices — A hernia truss or support belt may provide temporary relief by applying gentle pressure to hold the hernia in place.
• Medications — To manage hernia-related acid reflux, heartburn, and pain, your doctor may recommend medications that reduce stomach acid, such as antacids, H2-receptor blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole and pantoprazole. Over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can also provide relief.

Surgical Treatment Options for Hernia Repair

Surgery is recommended for hernias that enlarge, cause pain, or lead to complications like obstruction or strangulation. Large or painful hernias can affect daily life, while strangulated or obstructed hernias are emergencies that require immediate surgery to prevent serious complications. Recurring or unresponsive hernias may also need surgical repair when other treatments fail.

Surgical Mesh in Hernia Repair

Surgical mesh is a medical implant designed to reinforce weakened or damaged tissue, commonly used in hernia repair to strengthen the abdominal wall. It serves as a scaffold for tissue regeneration, promoting natural healing while reducing the risk of recurrence.

Different types of mesh typically include:

• Synthetic Mesh — Synthetic mesh is made from medical-grade plastics. It is classified into:

  • Non-absorbable Synthetic Mesh: Designed to remain permanently in the body, offering long-term reinforcement. It is commonly used in inguinal and ventral hernia repairs.
  • Absorbable Synthetic Mesh: Composed of materials that gradually break down and are absorbed by the body. It does not provide lifelong support, as it relies on new tissue growth to reinforce the repair site.
• Biologic Mesh — Derived from animal tissue (cow or pig), biologic mesh is fully absorbable, allowing natural tissue to replace the graft over time. It is commonly used in complex or infected hernia repairs.
• Hybrid Mesh — Some meshes combine both absorbable and non-absorbable components, providing initial strength followed by gradual degradation. These are used in cases where a balance between reinforcement and tissue integration is needed.

When Are Non-Mesh Repairs Recommended?

Non-mesh hernia repair is recommended in cases where mesh use poses risks or is unnecessary. Small hernias, particularly inguinal or umbilical types, may be closed with sutures if the surrounding tissue is strong enough.

The choice of whether you should opt for mesh repairs should be made based on hernia size, patient health, and surgeon expertise to achieve the best long-term outcome.

Hernia Surgery: Recovery & Post-Surgery Treatment Care

Recovering comfortably and safely after hernia repair requires careful attention to post-operative care. Key aspects include:

• Immediate Post-Operative Care: Most patients can return home on the same day, though complex cases may need overnight monitoring. An abdominal binder or bandage may be provided to offer extra support during the initial recovery period.
• Pain and Swelling Management: Some pain and swelling around the incision site are common during the first few days, typically subsiding within a week with prescribed medications.
• Wound Care: Clean incisions daily with mild soap and water, avoiding harsh substances like alcohol or hydrogen peroxide. Follow the doctor's instructions for tape/suture removal.
• Activity and Movement: Start light walking soon after surgery. Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity for 4–6 weeks.
• Diet and Bowel Movements: Prioritise a balanced diet rich in fibre and fluids to prevent constipation. Initially, opt for soft, easily digestible foods.

Hernia Prevention

Hernia prevention is especially important for individuals at higher risk—such as those who lift heavy objects regularly, smoke, or have a persistent cough. These measures include:

• Strengthen core muscles with targeted exercises like planks and controlled abdominal workouts.
• Minimise straining during bowel movements to help reduce pressure in your abdomen, which can lead to hernias.
• Quit smoking to protect connective tissue, promote healing, and reduce the strain caused by chronic coughing.

Why Choose Us for Your Hernia Treatments

Led by consultant hernia surgeon Dr Wong Jen San, our specialist clinic focuses on precise diagnosis and advanced treatment for all types of hernias—including inguinal, umbilical, incisional, hiatal, and femoral hernias. We specialise in laparoscopic hernia repair, a minimally invasive approach that results in less discomfort, smaller scars, and a quicker recovery.

With a strong track record in hernia repair, our clinic provides evidence-based treatment, ethical medical advice, and personalised support throughout your treatment journey. To discuss your options with Dr Wong, call us at (65) 6235 4088 to book a consultation.